Why are batteries connected in parallel?

Cells are often connected in parallel to achieve the required energy capacity of large-scale battery systems. However, the current on each branch could exhibit oscillation, thus causing concerns about current runaway or even system divergence.

Is a parallel battery system convergent?

We show the parallel battery system to be essentially a convergent, stable, and robust system with a highly precise and absolutely reliable battery management system. The long-term trajectory of batteries connected in parallel in repeated cycles will be enveloped in a closed orbit insensitive to initial states of systems.

Are parallel battery systems stable?

Nevertheless, we also warn about some risks behind stability. First, parallel battery systems inflict intrinsic capacity loss due to cell inconsistencies, causing capacity loss even reaching up to 34% according to the terminals of the closed orbit.

What is a parallel battery management system (BMS)?

A Parallel BMS plays an important role in achieving safe and efficient parallel battery configurations. It continuously monitors the voltage, temperature and charging status of each battery, ensuring that the battery is balanced and protected during the charge and discharge cycle. A BMS for parallel cells performs several essential functions:

Are battery energy storage systems scalable?

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) offer scalable energy storage solutions, especially valuable for remote, off-grid applications. However, traditional battery packs with fixed series-parallel configurations lack reconfigurability and are limited by the weakest cell, hindering their application for second-life batteries.

Do parallel battery systems cause energy loss?

Parallel battery systems are found to inflict another intrinsic energy loss due to the inconsistency between cells on different branches.