How CMOS inverter works?

Usually, the crystal manufacturer’s data sheet specifies the recommended load for the crystal (CL). Cp represents the load for the crystal, and this should be equal to CL, as specified in the crystal manufacturer’s data sheet. In an oscillator circuit, the CMOS inverter operates in the linear mode and works as an amplifier.

What is a good feedback resistor for a crystal inverter?

By using a feedback resistor of 1 M , successful oscillation can be accomplished. In practical applications, the value of the feedback resistor usually will be greater than 1 M in order to attain higher input impedance, so the crystal can easily drive the inverter.

What are the design features of a crystal controlled oscillator?

Design features include a crystal controlled oscillator for output frequency stability and a pulse-width-modulated square to sine wave power conversion scheme for efficient, reliable and quiet operation.

Which CMOS device is used in a crystal oscillator circuit?

Among the CMOS devices, the unbuffered inverter (’U04) is widely used in oscillator applications. This application report discusses the performance of some TI ’U04 devices in a typical crystal-oscillator circuit. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

What are the features of an inverter?

Other features of this inverter include: Precise frequency operation without using microcontroller. The best thing about this design is that it is free from microcontrollers and complex programming and uses traditionally available PWM control chips, counters, frequency dividers and some smart combination of these classic ICs.

What type of IC does a crystal oscillator use?

The majority of IC’s with built in crystal oscillator circuits use the Gated Pierce design where the oscillator is built around a single CMOS inverting gate.